Ak'u inahanele: motlakase lapeng o tsoa ka ho feletseng ho tloha letsatsing, ha o sa tlamisoa ke sekoloto sa motlakase, 'me ha ho hlokahale hore u tšoenyehe ka ho khaoha ha motlakase ka tšohanyetso. The off-grid solar system ke tharollo ea mantlha ea ho etsa hore mokhoa ona oa bophelo o khonehe. Ha se sistimi ea phepelo ea motlakase feela, empa hape ke khetho ea ho fetela ts'ebelisong e ikemetseng ea matla le ho tšoarella faebae. Ttataiso ea hae e tla u isa kutloisisong e batsi ea maikutlo a mantlha le mekhoa ea kaho ea matla a letsatsi a tsoang kantle ho gridi ho tsoa ponong e sebetsang, 'me a u thuse ho laola matla a hau nakong e tlang mohato ka mohato.
Hobaneng ho na le kantle ho marang-rangk system fetoha khetho eo batho ba bangata ba e ela hloko?
"Motlakase oa Off-Grid" o se o tloaelehile ho tloha likhethong tse fokolang. Ebang ke Amerika Leboea, Europe, Australiaa or linaha tse ling tsa Asia, malapa a mangata le ho feta a qalile ho nahana ka botebo ho hlophisoa ha litsamaiso tse felletseng tsa letsatsi bakeng sa Ho tloha grid. Lebaka le hlile le bonolo haholo:
1. Litlhoko tsa 'nete tsa tšireletso ea marang-rang e sa tsitsang, rural and matlo a hole
Libakeng tse ngata, kaho ea marang-rang a motlakase e siiloe ke nako kapa ha e koaheloe, 'me ho khaoha ha motlakase ho fetohile karolo ea bophelo ba baahi. Bakeng sa mapolasi, matlo a matlo, meru, sehlekehleke ses and matlo a phomolo, ho hula lithapo ha ho theko e boima feela, empa ka linako tse ling ho ke ke ha khoneha ho finyella.
2. Ho khaoha ha motlakase khafetsa le likoluoa tsa tlhaho tse ntseng li eketseha li etsa hore "bekapo + ho iphelisa" e be tlhoko e thata.
Ho khaoha ha motlakase ho bakoang ke boemo ba leholimo bo matla joalo ka lifefo, mocheso o phahameng haholo, blizzards and mello ea hlaha e ntse e eketseha. Batho ba ile ba qala ho hlokomela:
Haho tsamaisa matla a hau ho matla ho feta eng kapa eng.
3. Ho theoha ha theko ea photovoltaic + theknoloji ea polokelo ea matla e hōlileng tsebong = tsamaiso ea off-grid e khoneha haholoanyane
Litsenyehelo tsa li-module tsa letsatsi li theohile ho feta 70% lilemong tse 10 tse fetileng. Bophelo ba betri ea polokelo ea matla ea LFP bo ntse bo tsoela pele nako e telele le ho feta, 'me theko e ntse e theko e tlaase, e le hore sephutheloana sa solar se kenyelelitsoeng hohle ha se sa le mabothobotho. 'Me e fetohile letsete la nako e telele leo malapa a tloaelehileng a ka se khonang.
Ka bokhutšoanet:
Inphepelo ea motlakase e itšetlehileng ha se mokhoa, empa a trend.
Ke likarolo life tsa mantlha tse kenyellelitsoeng tsamaisong ea lipolanete tsa off-grid?
Setaele se felletseng sa letsatsi se kantle ho gridi hangata e entsoe ka likarolo tse 6 tsa mantlha:
1. Solar panel (PV)
E ikarabella bakeng sa ho fetola khanya ea letsatsi hore e be motlakase o tobileng (DC).
ho akarelletsa le: kristale e le 'ngoe, khalase e habeli, double-sided, mofuta o phahameng oa N-mofuta, joalo-joalo.
2. Energy Storage Battery
Boko le pelo ea tsamaiso ea off-net.
Mefuta e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa:
Lead-acid (AGM / GEL)
Lithium-Ion
LiFePO4, lithium iron phosphate (e tsebahalang haholo ka 2025)
3. Inverter
Fetolela DC hore e be AC bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa lapeng.
Sistimi ea Off-network hangata e hloka:
✔ Inverter e hloekileng ea sine wave
✔ Inverter ea off-grid kapa inverter e nyalisitsoeng (e tšehetsa matla a letsatsi + betri + matla / jenereithara)
4. Selaoli sa ho tjhaja (MPPT)
Boloka motlakase oa photovoltaic ka har'a sebaka se sireletsehileng ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho hlahisa matla.
MPPT e ka eketsa tlhahiso ea matla ka 20-30%.
5. Lisebelisoa tsa kabo ea matla le likarolo tsa polokeho
ho akarelletsa le:
Li-Circuit breaker, li-fuse, mabokose a kabo ea DC / AC, litebelisoa tsa lehalima, fatše, likhoele, manonyeletso, jj.
6. Sebopeho sa ho kenya
Bracket ea marulelo, bracket ea fatše, lebokose le sa keneleng metsi, sebopeho sa tšehetso, joalo-joalo.
Mokhoa oa ho lekola tšebeliso ea hau ea motlakase le litlhoko tsa polokelo ea matla (qalo ea moralo oa sistimi e kantle ho marang-rang)
Mohato oa pele oa moralo oa off-network ke kamehla:
Pele, bala hore na u hloka motlakase o mokae.
1. Etsa lethathamo la lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa motlakase
Ka mohlala:
Sehatsetsi
Router
Michele ea oveni
Khantša
Pompong ea metsi
Mocheso oa metsi
Mochini oa ho hlatsoa
Khomphuta/TV
Ebe u ngola matla a yuniti (W) le nako ea tšebeliso (H) ea sesebelisoa ka seng.
2. Bala tšebeliso ea matla ea letsatsi le letsatsi (kWh)
Foromo: W × Lihora tsa Tšebeliso ÷ 1000 = Tšebeliso ea Matla a Letsatsi le Letsatsi kWh
3. Bala matla a holimo hanghang
Haeba ho na le ts'oaetso ea hona joale hang-hang ha sehatsetsi se qala le motlakase tshimolotse, the inverter e tlameha ho khona ho e mamella.
4. Nahana ka palo ea matsatsi a fapaneng
Hangata ho kgothaletswa hore matla a ho boloka matla is 1.Matsatsi a 5-3 a tšebeliso ea motlakase ho netefatsa hore bophelo ba mantlha bo ka bolokoa matsatsing a lipula a sa khaotseng.
Khetha e loketseng off-grand configuration ho latela litlhoko (meralo e meraro: holimo, mokenaum ale tlase)
Scheme A: Mokhoa oa Motheo oa Lehae / Cottage Backup (Boemo ba ho Kena ka theko e tlase)
Lintho tse sebetsang:
Lits'oants'o tsa nako le nako, matlo a phomolo, mapolasi a hole, boemo ba tšohanyetso.
Litlhahiso tsa tlhophiso:
Phanele ea letsatsi: 800W–1500W
Bokhoni ba betri: 2–5 kWh LiFePO4
Inverter: 1.5–3kW pure sine wave
E loketse mabone a mantlha, routers and lisebelisoa tse nyane tsa ntlo
Melemo: Theko e tlaase, ’me bophelo ba motheo bo lekane ka ho feletseng.
Leano la B: Ntlo e Ikemetseng / Lelapa la Mapolasi (Boholo bo Bohareng)
Lintho tse sebetsang:
Litšoantšo tsa bolulo tse hlokange 24-Hora e tsitsitseng ea motlakase.
Litlhahiso tsa tlhophiso:
Phanele ea letsatsi: 3-6 kW
Betri: 10–20 kWh
Inverter: 5-8 kW
E ka ts'ehetsa lihatsetsi, lipompo tsa metsi, lionto tsa microwave, mochini o hlatsoang, joalo-joalo.
E loketse ho iphelisa ka nako e telele.
Scheme C: Ntle le marang-rang ka botlalo boiketsi ba sinsiencing sykutu (sekema se tsoetseng pele)
E sebelisoa ho:
Matlo a manyane, libaka tse se nang motlakase oa masepala, polasis and matlo a phomolo a iphelisang ka ho feletseng selemo ho pota.
Litlhahiso tsa tlhophiso:
Phanele ea letsatsi: 8-12 kW
Pakete ea betri: 20–40 kWh (kapa ho feta)
Inverter: 8-12 kW
Ts'ehetso ea jenereithara / moea o nyalisitsoeng oa motlakase
E loketse basebelisi ba batlang ho tlosa marang-rang a matla ka ho feletseng.
Khetha libeteri, Inverters and panels: mokhoa oa ho khetha ntle le ho hata pits?
1. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa khethong ea betri
LiFePO4: Bophelo bo bolelele, polokeho e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, lipotoloho tse 4000+, tse loketseng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa off-grid
Asiti ea lead: bophelo bo theko e tlase empa bo bokhutšoane (makhetlo a 300-600)
Bokhoni: bonyane koahela tlhoko ea motlakase bakeng sa matsatsi a 1.5-3
Voltage: 48V e sebetsa hantle ho feta 12V/24V
BMS (Sistimi ea Taolo ea Battery) e tlameha ho tšepahala.
Ho molemo ho tšehetsa katoloso ea serial le e bapileng.
Ela hloko ts'ebetso ea mocheso (moeli o tlase oa ho tjhaja mocheso)
2. Inverter Selection Guide
Matšoao a mantlha:
Pure e hloekileng ea sine
Matla a tsoelang pele ≥ 1.2-1.5 makhetlo a tlhokeho ea tlhoro
Katleho ≥ 90%
Tšehetsot sos matla + betri + genergator
UPS switching lebelo <10ms
Na e tšehetsa tlhahlobo ea WiFi?
Hore na e ka atolosoa le bapisael
3. Lintlha tseo u lokelang ho li ela hloko ha ho khethoa letsatsi panels
Ha matla a phanele a phahame, a theko e boima haholo (550W / 600W e kholo. board grdually ebaes mainstream)
Ho kenngoa ka boroa, tšekamelo ea 25 ° -35 °
Thibela sekhurumetso
Puseletso ea khanya e tlase ea mariha
Iho kenya, jwalee and litlhahiso tsa ts'ireletso bakeng sa off-network systems
1. Tšireletso ea lisebelisoa
Boemo bo thibelang metsi le lerole bonyane IP65
E tlameha ho beoa fatše le ho se be le lehalima
Mohala o tlameha ho koaheloa ho thibela aging.
Betri e lokela ho behoa sebakeng se nang le moea o motle sebakenge.
2. Tlhahlobo le tlhokomelo ea tsamaiso
Sheba lithapo le ho tiisa likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse 3-6
Hloekisa lerole la phanele kamehla
Lekola mocheso oa inverter
Qoba ho tsoa ha betri ka botebo (chet ree khothaletsoa ho ba ka tlase ho 10% -20%)
EConomic Analysis: Litšenyehelo vs Moputso oa Nako e telele
Sistimi ea Off-network hangata e na le matsete a holimo a pele, empa ha nako e ntse e ea:
Ha ho sa na likoloto tsa motlakase
Fokotsa tšusumetso ea ho khaoha ha motlakase
Bophelo bo bolelele ba sesebelisoa (LFP ho fihlela lilemo tse 10-15)
Ho theko e tlaase ho hula marang-rang a matla sebakeng se hole sebakeng seos.
Haholo-holo bakeng sa libeteri tsa LFP, litšenyehelo tsa kWh Cycle li tlase haholo ho feta tsa lead-acid.
Cho se utloisisane ha ommon (likoti tseo basebelisi ba bangata ba li hatileng on)
Tlhophiso e sa lekaneng: phanele e nyane haholo mme betri e tlase haholo
Tlhōrō ea inverter ha e joalo hantleh.
Sebaka sa ho kenya se na le mongobo kapa se koetsoe, se etsa hore inverter e overheat.
Kopanya le ho sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea libeteri
Reka tsamaiso ntle le ho hlahloba motlakase consumption.
Sheba feela theko, eseng bophelo le safety.
Ibohlale, modular and matla a lebasetere e tla ba a tloaelehileng.
Nakong e tlang, litsamaiso tsa off-network li tla ba tse bohlale le tse atolositsoeng. Litloaelo li kenyelletsa:
Li-ion tsa sodium le libeteri tsa boemo bo tiileng
Boima bo phahameng ba LiFePO4
Hybrid inverter + EMS kopanyo
Matla a letsatsi + matla a moea + motsoako oa polokelo ea matla
Microgrid ea lapeng
Modular stackable betri
Ho khetha sistimi e felletseng ea kantle ho marang-rang e loketseng uena ke letsete le bohlale la nako e telele.
Sistimi ea off-network ha se tšebeliso e potlakileng, empa ke khetho ea nako e telele ea ho ntlafatsa ts'ireletso, phelisay and boikemelo ba bophelo.
Haeba u batla:
E loketse ho kenyal off-grid solar system (sete e felletseng ea sistimi e kantle ho grid e ka kengoang ka kotloloho)
Feletsenge insekema sa phepelo ya motlakase se itshetlehileng
Litlhahiso tsa tlhophiso ea matla a letsatsi bakeng sa li-RV, ntloanas and malapa a mapolasi